The article deals with the trade union participation in solution to of labour disputes in Belarus in the period of new economic policy (20­s of the XX century). Activities of valuation and conflict comissions, chambers of conciliation and arbitration courts as parity institutions of trade unions and employers in the resolving of labour disputes are revealed. Features of social and labour conflicts at Belasusian enterprises in the NEP period are highlihted. It is shown that policy of the trade unions in relation to labour disputes was different for public and private enterprises. Statistics data about strikes and the examples of the most prominent actions of trade unions against violations of employees’ labour rights are given.